Soil fertility highest in coffee plantations, lowest in conservation forests.
Changes in land use affect soil fertility, which is influenced by factors like soil management and environment. A study in Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, analyzed soil fertility using indicators like organic C, N, P, CEC, and exchangeable cations. Different land uses showed varying soil fertility levels, with coffee plantations having the highest fertility index and conservation forests the lowest. Coffee plantations had high organic C and CEC values, while conservation forests had low CEC and cation exchange values impacting their fertility index.