The article discusses different types of malfunctions in sociotechnical systems, which are systems involving both people and technology. The researchers identify two main types of malfunctions: ambiguity-based failure and expectation-based failure. These malfunctions occur due to the roles of users and operators in the system, highlighting the importance of understanding how people interact with technology in these systems. By analyzing these malfunctions, the researchers aim to provide a broader understanding of failures in sociotechnical systems beyond just technical issues.