A study looked at subsidies given to companies for research and development (R&D) to boost innovation. These subsidies help fund projects that companies may not otherwise invest in due to financial limits. There are two main types of R&D subsidies: direct grants and tax credits. Both types can encourage more R&D activities in companies, but the impact varies based on the company and project receiving the subsidy. Generally, R&D subsidies help push companies to do more R&D which can benefit society by leading to new inventions and advancements.