The study looked at different ways to till soil and use cover crops to improve nitrogen levels, control weeds, and boost oat yields in organic farming. They tested different cover crop species and tillage methods like ploughing, reduced tillage, mulching, and direct drilling. Vicia sativa was the best cover crop when combined with reduced tillage, mulching, or direct drilling. It helped maintain soil nitrogen levels and oat yields similar to ploughing. In some cases, Vicia sativa didn't produce enough biomass for effective weed control, but it still worked well with reduced tillage. Overall, reduced tillage was more reliant on the right cover crop species than ploughing, and successful no-till farming needed both the right cover crop and enough biomass for weed control.