Coastal communities to thrive as marine spatial planning balances land-sea interactions
Maritime spatial planning helps manage human activities in the sea due to increased competition for marine space. The ecosystem approach and considering land-sea interactions are crucial in this planning. The ecosystem approach focuses on sustaining ecosystem productivity and services, linked to marine ecosystem health. The interactions between land and sea are evident in marine ecosystem management goals, especially in trophic relationships. However, it is uncertain if marine spatial planning fully reflects these interactions.