The study looked at proteins in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in diseases affecting the oral mucosa. They found higher levels of these proteins in patients with pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, oral lichen planus, and chronic ulcerative stomatitis compared to healthy individuals. This suggests that the JAK/STAT pathway plays a role in the development of these diseases. Differences in protein expression were observed between the different disorders, providing potential new targets for treatment.