Crop rotation can improve soil health by increasing microbial biomass and diversity. A global analysis of 76 studies found that rotating crops led to higher levels of microbial carbon and nitrogen, as well as more diverse bacterial populations. Fungal biomass also increased with crop rotation, especially when different crops were introduced into legume monocultures. The effects varied depending on factors like tillage practices and climate conditions, but overall, crop rotation can benefit soil microorganisms when combined with other agricultural practices. More research is needed to fully understand the relationship between crop rotation and soil microbes.