The article discusses how late-time drawdown is used to understand aquifer pumping tests. Late-time drawdown is important for interpreting data in unconfined aquifers and estimating transmissivity in heterogeneous aquifers. The study shows that late-time drawdown is commonly used in three ways: applying the Cooper and Jacob method, describing the third segment of drawdown curves, and estimating transmissivity parameters. This information helps improve our understanding of how to analyze and interpret aquifer pumping test data.