The study looked at how the temperature in Australia has changed since the late 1800s compared to global warming levels set by the Paris Agreement. They used data from early historical records and the latest climate models to show that Australia has warmed by about 1.6°C between 1850-1900 and 2011-2020, slightly more than the global average. The future warming in Australia is predicted to be less than what has been observed so far, around 1.0-1.3 times the global warming for all future levels. To study regional warming in line with different emissions paths, they used a newer set of climate models that required specific adjustments to ensure accuracy, but the results were similar to the older models.