Ozone in the upper troposphere is a significant greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. This study looked at how ozone is formed and lost in the upper tropical troposphere. They found that nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds are key in ozone production. Depending on their availability, ozone production can be limited by either of these precursors. By analyzing trace gas concentrations and meteorological parameters, the researchers identified metrics like net ozone production rates and ratios of certain chemicals that indicate the dominant ozone regime in this region.