The European Green Deal aims to promote sustainable agriculture through various policies and strategies. The Farm to Fork strategy and other European initiatives focus on sustainable food systems and biodiversity. Despite clear goals, there are challenges in transitioning to sustainable agriculture. Key obstacles include reduced yields, land demand, nitrogen needs, diet changes, food waste, and distribution issues. Two main approaches to sustainable agriculture are sustainable intensification and agroecology, which can work together to optimize ecosystem services. Achieving sustainable agriculture requires a holistic approach considering social, economic, cultural, technical, and environmental aspects, with stakeholder participation and local adaptations being crucial.