ATM cards boost economic growth in Indonesia, but e-money hinders progress.
The study looked at how electronic money and ATM cards impact Indonesia's economy through the money supply. They found that ATM cards and electronic money directly increase the money supply. ATM cards positively affect economic growth, while electronic money has a negative impact. The money supply also negatively affects economic growth. However, the money supply does not mediate the relationship between electronic money and ATM cards with Indonesia's economic growth.