The study looked at how urban growth in Istanbul has affected the city's climate over the years. By analyzing temperature data from 1951 to 2020, researchers found that urban areas in Istanbul are getting hotter compared to rural areas. The increase in temperature is more noticeable at night in densely populated residential areas. The expansion of urban areas into rural regions is making the urban heat island effect worse, reducing green spaces in the city. This research shows that as Istanbul grows, its climate is changing, with temperatures rising more in urban areas than in rural ones.