In the article, scientists explore how to break down plant-based material called lignin into useful components during composting. They found that a mix of fungi and bacteria working together is key to this breakdown process. Fungi break down big lignin molecules at low temperatures, while bacteria break down smaller bits into nutrients that help microorganisms. Bacteria also help when it gets hotter. By understanding this teamwork, researchers hope to improve the quality of humus, a beneficial soil component, made during composting. Adding specific microbes and controlling compost conditions may help efficiently break down lignin.