Evaluating the gut bacteria in elderly people with sugar and fat metabolism issues, researchers analyzed blood samples from 163 patients aged 45-90 with type 2 diabetes and lipid disorders. They measured levels of fatty acids, aldehydes, and other microbial compounds in the blood, finding higher concentrations of certain compounds in patients with carbohydrate metabolism issues. Changes in the representation of different gut bacteria types were also observed, with some bacteria levels correlating with blood glucose and triglyceride levels. However, lipid metabolism issues did not show significant changes in microbial markers or correlations with blood parameters.