The researchers looked at how micronutrient interventions like food fortification and supplements have affected anemia and iron deficiency in women and children in Guatemala from 2009 to 2019. They found that anemia has decreased among both groups, but iron deficiency increased in some years. Eating wheat flour/bread was linked to higher hemoglobin levels in children, while sugar consumption was linked to higher hemoglobin levels in women. Overall, the country's efforts to fortify foods have helped reduce anemia, but more attention is needed to address the rising iron deficiency rates in recent years.