The article explains how scientists use a "walking man" approach to understand ROC curves and AUROC. The ROC curve and AUROC help measure how well a test can tell if someone has a certain condition or not. An AUROC of 1.0 means the test is perfect, while 0.5 means it's no better than guessing. The AUROC also shows the chance that a person with the condition will have a more abnormal test result than someone without it.