Dollar stores opening in the US between 2000 and 2019 led to a 5.7% drop in sales, a 3.7% decrease in jobs, and a 2.3% increase in independent grocery stores closing down. The impact was worse in rural areas compared to cities. In urban areas, the negative effects on sales and jobs improved over time, but in rural areas, they stayed bad. Different regions, types of stores, and years were affected differently by dollar store openings.