The researchers studied how to remove phosphorus during the production of manganese alloys to use lower-grade manganese ores efficiently. They found that high-grade manganese ores from Australia, Africa, and South America are now being used more in Asia, where low-grade ores were previously used. The future of the manganese industry will likely depend on steel production, as well as the increasing use of manganese in batteries and electric vehicles. The iron and steel industry uses over 90% of manganese in the form of ferroalloys, with specific consumption in some countries reaching 9 kg per ton of steel.