The article explores different ways to check if a test accurately measures what it's supposed to. They looked at methods like face validity, content validity, and construct validity. Face validity checks if a test looks like it measures what it should. Content validity makes sure a test covers all the important topics. Construct validity sees if the test measures what it claims to. Different methods like Cohen’s Kappa and Item Objective Congruence were used to assess validity. The study found that validity is crucial for making sure research results are trustworthy and meaningful.