Soil quality is crucial for healthy ecosystems and good crop growth. This review looks at different indicators like soil enzymes and microbes, and how they relate to important soil properties such as organic carbon and compaction. Traditional farming methods can change soil structure, but conservation practices like leaving crop leftovers in the soil can help. Soil temperature and pH also play big roles in how well plants grow. pH especially affects how well microbes break down organic matter. Understanding these indicators is key to keeping soil healthy and resilient for the future.