Solar energy systems can be improved by using thermal energy storage to manage fluctuations. A study focused on analyzing thermal storage systems under real-time solar fluctuations found that cascaded heat storage is better than single-stage heat storage. By simulating heat storage with different phase change materials, researchers discovered that an optimized cycle heat storage mode can improve thermal efficiency by up to 17.2%. On a summer day, the system completed four phase change heat storages, while on a winter day, it completed two, showing potential for efficient energy storage.