Microfinance institutions in Southeast Asia aim to help the poor by providing loans and financial services. They face challenges in balancing financial sustainability with poverty reduction. Southeast Asian MFIs are doing well financially, while South Asian MFIs struggle. Some of the poorest people are excluded from microfinance programs due to lack of awareness or social barriers. To reach remote rural areas, MFIs may need subsidies to remain financially viable. However, they should work towards reducing costs and charging market rates to become more self-sufficient. The more self-sufficient an MFI is, the more it can expand its services to help more people in need.