The article analyzes how government spending affects the economy, the sustainability of fiscal policy in Korea, the UK, and the US, and the impact of fiscal consolidation on economic growth. The researchers found that government spending boosts the economy, especially capital spending. Fiscal policy in Korea and the US is sustainable, but not in the UK. Fiscal consolidation doesn't necessarily lead to economic growth. Factors like economic growth rate, government spending-based consolidation, low interest rates, and higher sovereign risk help reduce debt-to-GDP ratio.