The article examines how Canadian government subsidies affect transportation options. The researchers investigate if the current subsidies impact economic efficiency, cost recovery, and fairness of pricing. They question if the subsidies align with the National Transportation Act's goals and assess if they are the best choice available. By estimating subsidies for road, air, marine, and rail transportation, the researchers aim to provide valuable information to the National Transportation Act Review Commission. The study looks at whether subsidies influence how people choose transportation modes, carrier service methods, and regional economic structures.