This article covers various financial instruments like options, futures, and swaps. It explains how these tools work, how they are priced, and how they can be used for investing and risk management. The researchers discuss different models for pricing options, such as the binomial and Black-Scholes models, and how to replicate option strategies effectively. They also explore the concept of arbitrage in options trading and how to use exchange-traded options for asset allocation. Additionally, the article delves into futures and swaps markets, explaining how they are priced and used for hedging against risks.