The article discusses geothermal energy, focusing on the Earth's thermal structure, history of geothermal energy use, resources, applications, potentials, and drilling techniques. It explores near surface and deep geothermal systems, hydrothermal doublets, and enhanced geothermal systems. The researchers examine environmental issues, drilling techniques, and geophysical methods for exploration. Key findings include the significance of renewable energies, efficiency of geothermal systems, and the geology of underground structures.