Norway is rich in both renewable energy sources like waterfalls and oil reserves. This has made it tricky for the country to focus on shifting to more renewable energy policies and production. The government historically aimed for cost-effective energy, which made it hard to invest in new renewable technologies. The liberalized electricity market in Norway put the governance of renewable energy mostly in the hands of market players, where low electricity prices hindered renewable investments. To encourage more renewable energy projects, Norway introduced electricity certificates and funded research into environmentally friendly technologies. Despite these efforts, there are challenges in turning research into market-ready products.