The study looked at treating male infertility in patients with varicocele using microsurgical varicocelectomy. They examined 1127 infertile men and found that after the surgery, sperm concentration and motility increased significantly, while abnormal sperm forms decreased. Patients with azoospermia or teratozoospermia also showed improvements. Spontaneous conception occurred in about 50% of couples within a year after the surgery, which was more effective than drug stimulation. The researchers concluded that microsurgical varicocelectomy is the most effective and safe treatment for male infertility in patients with varicocele, leading to rapid and significant improvements in sperm quality and increased chances of pregnancy.