Turnout design and technology in Australia have evolved significantly in the past 25 years. Changes include using steel and concrete bearers, larger rail sections, and resilient fastenings. New switch types like the Samson undercut switch and stockrail are replacing old ones. Swing-nose crossings and explosive-hardened cast steel rail-bound crossings are being used more. Government railways are shifting turnout services to the private sector. Manufacturers must ensure quality and take on more responsibility for delivery and liability. These changes will impact how turnouts are supplied in Australia in the future.