The article discusses different economic theories and how they view the economy in the short and long term. New Keynesian Economics suggests that the economy doesn't always reach full equilibrium on its own, due to factors like imperfect competition and rigid prices. In the long run, it may settle at a natural rate of unemployment. This theory is seen as more realistic and applicable to developing countries. Key figures in this field include Alan S. Blinder and N. Gregory Mankiw.