The article compares different economic systems in the 21st century, looking at how they work and their outcomes. It discusses capitalism, socialism, and market socialism, as well as specific models like the Anglo-Saxon, European, and Asian models. The researchers analyze the historical context, theoretical foundations, and practical aspects of these systems to understand their performance and potential for change. Key findings include the importance of institutions, the role of state intervention, and the impact of different economic models on income security and economic development.