The article discusses how ONEWAY and ANOVA are statistical methods used to compare different groups based on a single or multiple independent variables. ONEWAY and ANOVA are both types of analysis of variance tests that help researchers understand if there are significant differences between groups. ONEWAY is used for comparing two or more groups based on one variable, while ANOVA can handle multiple independent variables simultaneously. These tests are important for analyzing data and drawing conclusions about the relationships between variables in a study.