Nutrient management practices were studied in a castor-sorghum cropping system in southern Telangana, India. Using the recommended NPK dose for castor and sorghum, along with farmyard manure, resulted in higher seed yields and improved soil fertility compared to other treatments. The combination of NPK and farmyard manure had the highest productivity, gross returns, net returns, and benefit cost ratio. Zinc application only affected sorghum in the third crop cycle. Overall, the treatment with NPK and farmyard manure significantly enhanced soil nutrients and organic carbon levels after 6 years of cropping.