The article discusses the costs and challenges of disposing low-level radioactive waste from institutions. It mentions that waste with chemical and biological hazards, along with radioactivity, can be more expensive to dispose of. The study shows that the cost of waste disposal remains constant for a year, while transportation costs decrease with larger volumes. It suggests that shipping truckloads of waste is the most cost-effective method. The article also highlights that waste containing radioactivity may need to follow EPA regulations, which could involve additional requirements like synthetic liners and waste verification. This could lead to dual oversight at both disposal sites and institutional facilities.