The article analyzes changes in the productivity and efficiency of large agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during the transition to a market economy. They found that overall factor productivity decreased by 6% annually and by 42% in total between 1990 and 1999. This decline was mainly due to a significant decrease in technical efficiency. Different agricultural enterprises showed a wide range of efficiency levels, indicating variations in their economic performance. The researchers used data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist productivity change index to assess efficiency and productivity changes over time.