From Guilds to Innovation Clusters: The Evolution of Organizational Models.
The article discusses how organizations have evolved from guilds to assembly lines to innovation clusters. It explores the complex nature of network enterprises and their focus on innovation and service provision. The history of organizational doctrines is outlined, with a shift from Fordism to Toyotism in the production pole. Strategies for network enterprises, ethics, social values, and enterprise culture are also discussed. The Toyota spirit is highlighted as a key aspect of successful network enterprises.