The article discusses how database performance worsens as it grows in size due to its structure. The researchers built a model to design databases better, especially focusing on VSAM files. They looked at how adding and deleting records affected database organization and efficiency. When records are constantly updated or added, the database structure gets messy, increasing access costs. To fix this, the researchers analyzed when it's best to reorganize the database to balance the extra costs with the reorganization expenses. They used examples based on IBM 3380 to show this process. Overall, the study shows how proper database design and reorganization can help keep the system running smoothly despite changes in the database.