The article discusses how traditional railway tracks with ballast require a lot of maintenance, especially for heavy haul trains. Researchers are exploring new track designs without ballast to reduce maintenance needs and improve stability. These new designs are more complex and costly but offer better performance for heavy freight trains. Recent advancements in embedded rail technology and concrete design have made it possible to create affordable, high-performance concrete tracks optimized for heavy haul, providing a safer and more reliable option for heavy freight transportation.