The researchers studied how different irrigation timings and tillage methods affect wheat growth and yield in a pigeonpea-wheat cropping sequence. They found that pre-irrigation before pigeonpea harvest led to better growth, yield, and profit compared to after harvest. Zero tillage resulted in higher yields and cost savings compared to conventional tillage. Water use efficiency was highest with zero tillage, and organic carbon levels were improved. Overall, zero tillage before pigeonpea harvest showed the best results for wheat production in this cropping system.