Phosphorus in rivers affects water quality and can lead to eutrophication. Different forms of phosphorus were studied in sediments from Tiaoxi rivers. Results showed that Xitiaoxi River had worse water quality than Dongtiaoxi River. Nutrient levels were higher in suspended sediments than surface sediments, indicating nutrient enrichment in fine sediment. Certain phosphorus forms were more prevalent in suspended sediments, while others were more common in surface sediments. Phosphorus forms in Xitiaoxi River were not strongly linked to mineral components, but in Dongtiaoxi River, they were closely related to minerals like organic matter and clay. This difference was due to the geological setting and material sources in the Tiaoxi watershed.