The chapter discusses how different societies handle conflicts and assign responsibility for harm or injury. It explores the development of a theory of liability that includes creating procedures for conflict resolution, defining responsibility, and setting conditions for invoking rules. The chapter also examines how social and economic factors influence liability insurance, which can be seen as a way to manage collective responsibility in modern industrial economies. The idea of strict liability in tort, alongside a sense of justice tied to personal culpability, suggests a need for further study on overlooked variables in liability analysis.