Rivalry between China and Japan drives regionalism in East Asia.
The regional architecture of East Asia has changed since the financial crises of 1997/1998. East Asia has seen a rise in preferential trade agreements (PTAs), driven more by political-diplomatic concerns than economic interdependence. PTAs were mainly initiated by governments, not businesses, and were influenced by rivalry between China and Japan. Korea's PTAs with the EU and US have introduced a new economic dynamic in the region.