The article discusses the controversies surrounding South Africa's Communal Land Rights Act, which aims to reform land tenure in post-apartheid South Africa. It explores the complexities of communal land rights, the clash between official and living customary law, and the impact on women's land ownership. The research delves into the historical context of land rights, the role of chiefs in land disputes, and the influence of recent laws on struggles over land. The study also examines cases of land purchases, restitution issues, and the impact of government policies on customary law.