The article explores the impact of deforestation on the environment, focusing on Cameroon and Southwestern Ethiopia. It analyzes the effects of direct investment in the forest sector, resettlements, and refugees on forest resources. The study also investigates the drivers of deforestation and evaluates the effectiveness of conservation policies like REDD+. Additionally, it examines the relationship between grazing and deforestation, models malaria spread using math, and studies forest regeneration in deforested areas. The researchers estimate tree trunk diameters in rainforests and propose optimal control measures for forest ecology.