Competition in Railways: Integration Trumps Unbundling for Success
The article looks at rail reform experiences in Europe, Latin America, and the US. Unbundling and integration have both had mixed results. Unbundling has been challenging to implement and only partially successful. Integrated railways have shown more success in North and South America for freight, but it's unclear how well it would work in Europe or for passengers. Overall, integration seems to have slightly better evidence than unbundling, but the final verdict is still out.