Early selection in tree breeding can lead to faster genetic improvement by shortening the breeding cycle. This is because selecting trees at a young age allows for quicker realization of genetic gains. The study found that genetic variance, heritability, and selection response decrease over generations, but at a slower rate for traits under indirect selection compared to directly selected traits. Ultimately, early selection can enhance breeding efficiency by reducing the time needed to achieve desired genetic traits in trees like lodgepole pine.