The researchers examined how an astragalus membranaceus injection affected sperm abnormalities in rats exposed to cadmium. They divided the rats into different groups and gave them specific injections. Results showed that rats receiving higher astragalus membranaceus doses had increased testicular sperm count and decreased sperm abnormalities compared to rats exposed only to cadmium. The study suggests that astragalus membranaceus could help protect against genetic damage induced by cadmium exposure.