The researchers studied how different factors like seed maturity, seeding rate, and planting time affect the growth and yield of rye plants. They found that planting rye seeds harvested 45 days after heading resulted in more seedlings and tillers compared to seeds harvested 30 days after heading, especially when planted late. Silage yield was higher when rye was planted at the optimal time and with higher seeding rates. Seed yield was similar between seed maturities at the optimal planting time, but seeds harvested 45 days after heading had higher yields when planted late with a seeding rate over 750 seeds per unit area. Seeds harvested 30 days after heading had low emergence rates and yields, even with higher seeding rates when planted late.