Converting agriculture to produce energy as well as food is a global research goal due to decreasing petroleum reserves and rising fuel prices. Using crop biomass for bioenergy may compete with food supplies and harm soil health. To address this, researchers are enhancing biomass traits of food crops, developing new biomass crops for less fertile lands, and improving livestock management. They are also determining the minimum crop residue needed for sustainable production and exploring ways to enhance root growth to maintain soil health. Additionally, efforts are being made to improve the energy efficiency of biomass crops for renewable energy with low carbon emissions.